Publications

This is a full inventory of NAU’s Cybersecurity Research program publications, granted patents and currently pending patents and disclosures. For more detail regarding the publications please reach out to the School of Informatics, Computing, and Cyber Systems department.

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List of publications

B. Cambou, C. Philabaum, J. Hoffstein, M. Herlihy; Methods to encrypt and authenticate digital files in distributed networks and zero-trust environments; MDPI, Axioms, Volume 12, Issue 6, 10.3390/axioms12060531, May 2023.
Wilson, B. Cambou; Tamper-sensitive pre-formed ReRAM-based PUFs: Methods and experimental validation; Frontiers in Nanotechnology, https://doi.org/10.3389/fnano.2022.1055545 , Nov. 2022.
B. Cambou; On demand key generation to secure blockchains with tamper resistant ReRAMs; IEEE Microelectronics Design and Test Symposium, Albany, USA, May 18, 2021.
Mohammad, B. Cambou; C. Philabaum, N. Duan; Resilient Password Manager Using Physical Unclonable Functions; IEEExplore, open access, Jan. 2021.
Nejat, F. Ouattara, M. Mohammadinodoushan, B. Cambou, K. Mackay, L. Torres; Practical experiments to evaluate quality metrics of MRAM-based physical unclonable functions; IEEE access; DOI: 10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3024598; Sept 2020.
B. Riggs, M. Partridge, B. Cambou , I. Burke, M. Aguilar Rios, J. Heynssens, D. Ghanaimiandoab; Multi-Wavelength Quantum Key Distribution Emulation with PUF; MDPI cryptography, 6, 36 , July 2022.
T. Begay, B. Cambou, B. Riggs, I. Burke, J. Heynssens, S-H Jo; Design and Analysis of pre-formed ReRAM-based PUF; SAI Computing Conference, July 2022.
M. Aguilar Rios, S. Assiri, B. Cambou; Hardware Implementation for Analog Key Encapsulation based on ReRAM PUF; SAI Computing Conference, July 2022.
D. Ghanaimiandoab, D. Booher, B. Cambou, and S. Assiri; Hash Based Encryption Schemes using PUFs; SAI Computing Conference, July 2022.
S. Jain, T. Wilson, S. Assiri, B. Cambou; Bit Error Rate Analysis of Pre-Formed ReRAM-based PUF; SAI Computing Conference, July 2022.
A. Ali Pour, F. Afghah, D, Hely, V. Beroulle, G. Di Natale, A. Korenda, B. Cambou; Helper Data Masking for PUF-based Key Generation Algorithms, IEEE Access, Apr. 2022.
B. Cambou, D. Telesca, S. Jacinto; PUF-protected methods to generate session keys; FICC 2022 SAI-IEEE Conference, Mar. 2022.
D. Ghanai, S. Assiri, J. Mihaljevic, B. Cambou; Statistical Analysis of ReRAM-PUF based Keyless Encryption Protocol Against Frequency Analysis Attack; FICC 2022 IEEE Conference, Mar 2022.
B. Cambou, S. Jain; Key Recovery for Content Protection Using Ternary PUFs Designed with Pre-Formed ReRAM; MDPI Applied Sciences; Feb. 2022.
M. Mohammadinodoushan, B. Cambou, F. Afghah, S-H C. Philabaum, I. Burke; Reliable, Secure, Efficient Hardware Implementation of Password Manager System Using PUFs; IEEE Access 36593, Nov 2021.
K. Lee, M. Gowanlock, B. Cambou; SABER-GPU: A Response-Based Cryptography Algorithm for SABER on the GPU; Proceedings IEEE PRDC, Oct 2021.
J. Wright, Z. Fink, M. Gowanlock, C. Philabaum, B. Donnelly, B. Cambou; A Symmetric Cipher RBC Engine Accelerated Using GPGPU. Proceedings IEEE CNS, Oct 2021.
D. Telesca, B. Cambou, R. Pachter, S. Ganguli, R. Vonniederhausern, W. Kemp, J. Moore; Quantum Resistant Public Key Infrastructure for Space Systems; Journal of DoD Research and Engineering, vol 3 (4), Sept. 2021.
J. Wright, M. Gowanlock, C. Philabaum, B. Cambou; A CRYSTALS-Dilithium Response-based Cryptography Engine using GPGPU; FTC 2021 IEEE Conference, Aug. 2021.
Assiri S., Cambou B. (2021) Homomorphic Password Manager Using Multiple-Hash with PUF. In: Arai K. (eds) Advances in Information and Communication. FICC 2021. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, vol 1363. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-73100-7_55
Cambou, B.; Gowanlock, M.; Yildiz, B.; Ghanaimiandoab, D.; Lee, K.; Nelson, S.; Philabaum, C.; Stenberg, A.; Wright, J. Post Quantum Cryptographic Keys Generated with Physical Unclonable Functions. Appl. Sci. 2021, 11, 2801; Post Quantum Cryptographic Keys Generated with Physical Unclonable Functions
B. Cambou, D. Telesca, S. Assiri, M. Garrett, S. Jain, M. Partridge; TRNGs from Pre-Formed ReRAM Arrays; MDPI Cryptography, Feb. 2021;
Mohammad, B. Cambou; C. Philabaum, N. Duan, “Resilient Password Management System Using an Array of Addressable Physical Unclonable Functions“; IEEE Xplore, open access, Jan. 2021;
B. Cambou, B-Y Chen; “Temper sensitive ternary ReRAM-based PUFs; accepted for the SAI 2021 Computing conference; July 2021 (accepted);
C. Philabaum, B. Cambou, M. Gowanlock; “A response based cryptographic engine in distributed-memory; accepted for the SAI 2021 IEEE Computing conference; July 2021 (accepted);
P. Flikkema, J. Palmer, T. Yalcin, and B. Cambou; “Dynamic Computational Diversity with Multi-Radix Logic and Memory”,24th Annual IEEE High Performance Extreme Computing Conference, Sept. 2020;
B. Cambou, M. Mohammadi, C. Philabaum, and D. Booher; Statistical Analysis to Optimize the Generation of Cryptographic Keys from Physical Unclonable Functions; SAI Computing, July 2020;
Y. Zhu, B. Cambou, D. Hely, and S. Assiri; Extended Protocol using Keyless Encryption Based On Memristors; IEEE SAI Computing, July 2020;
S. Assiri, B. Cambou, D. Booher, M. Mohammadi; Software Implementation of SRAM PUF-based Password Manager; IEEE SAI Computing, July 2020;
B. Cambou, D. Hely, S. Assiri; Cryptography with analog scheme using memristors; Journal on Emerging Technologies in Computing Systems, ACM publications, June 2020;
Cambou, M. Gowanlock, J. Heynssens, S. Jain, C. Philabaum, D. Booher, I. Burke, J. Garrard, D. Telesca, and L. Njilla, Securing Additive Manufacturing with Blockchains and Distributed Physically Unclonable Functions; MDPI, Cryptography, June 2020;
A. Ali Pour, V. Beroulle, B. Cambou, J-L Danger, G. Di Natale, D. Hely, S. Guilley and N. Karimi; PUF Enrollment and Life Cycle Management: Solutions and Perspectives for the Test Community; IEEE European Test Symposium, April 2020;
B. Cambou; Ternary Cryptography for the Blockchain Technology; Web-seminar Cyber Security & Information Analysis Center (CSIAC), Jan 2020;
B. Cambou; “Password Manager Combining Hashing Functions and Ternary PUFs”; 2019 SAI computing conference, IEEE;
A. Korenda, F. Afghah, B. Cambou, and C. Philabaum ; ”A proof of concept SRAM-based PUF key generation for IoT”; SECON 2019, IEEE;
M. Mohammadi, B. Cambou, C. Philabaum, D. Hely, and D. Booher; “Implementation of Password Management System Using Ternary Addressable PUF Generator“; SECON 2019, IEEE
B. Cambou, C. Philabaum, and D. Booher; “Replacing error correction by key fragmentation and search engines to generate error-free cryptographic keys from PUFs”, CryptArchi2019 June 2019;
B. Cambou; “ Unequally powered Cryptography with PUFs for networks of IoTs”; IEEE Spring Simulation Conference, May 2019;
B. Cambou, C. Philabaum, D. Booher, D. Telesca; “Response-Based Cryptographic Methods with Ternary Physical Unclonable Functions”; 2019 SAI FICC, IEEE; March 2019;
D. Booher, B. Cambou, A. Carlson, C. Philabaum; “Dynamic Key Generation for Polymorphic encryption”; IEEE CCWC, Jan 2019 (best paper award in the category of applied mathematics and cryptography);
S. Assiri, B. Cambou, B. Booher, D Ghanai Miandoab, M. Mohammadi; ‘’ Key Exchange using Ternary System to Enhance Security‘’; IEEE CCWC, Jan 2019;
B. Cambou, D. Telesca; “Ternary Computing to Strengthen Cybersecurity, Development of Ternary State based Public Key Exchange”, 2018 SAI computing conference, IEEE sponsored; Jul 2018;
B.Cambou; “Addressable PUF Generators for Database-free Password Management System”; CryptArchi June 2018;
A. Korenda, F. Afghah and B. Cambou, “A Secret Key Generation Scheme for Internet of Things using Ternary-States ReRAM-based Physical Unclonable Functions“; International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Conference (IWCMC) June 2018;
B. Cambou, P. Flikkema, J. Palmer, D. Telesca, and C. Philabaum; “Can Ternary Computing Improve Information Assurance?”; Cryptography, MDPI; Feb 2018;
B.Cambou; “Design of TRNGs with ternary PUFs”; JASIST Feb 2018;
F. Afghah, B. Cambou, M. Abedini, Z. Sherali; “A ReRAM PUF-based Approach to Enhance Authentication Security in Software Defined Wireless Networks”, Springer International Journal on Wireless Information Networks, January, 2018;
F. Afghah, B. Cambou, M. Abedini, S. Zeadally; “Localization of assets is a critical component of smart building applications”; IJWIN, 2018;
B. Cambou; “A XOR compiler combined with physical unclonable function for TRNG”; 2017 SAI IEEE computing conference, July 2107;
A Valehi, A Razi, B Cambou, W Yu, M Kozicki; “A graph matching algorithm for user authentication in data networks using image-based physical unclonable functions”; 2017 SAI computing conference; July 2017;
E. Fossum, B. Cambou, A. Howard, B. Hsiao, M. Oden; “Impacting Society through Invention and Entrepreneurship”; 2017 NAI Annual Conference; New Jersey; June 2017;
P. Flikkema, B. Cambou; “When Things are Sensors for Cloud AI: Protecting Privacy Through Data Collection Transparency in the Age of Digital Assistants”, 2017 IEEE Global IoT Summit (GIoTS-2017), June 2017;
B Cambou, F Afghah, D Sonderegger, J Taggart, H Barnaby, M Kozicki; “Ag conductive bridge rams for physical unclonable functions”; 2017 IEEE International Symposium on Hardware Oriented Security and Trust (HOST); May 2017;
B Habib, B Cambou, D Booher, C Philabaum; “Public key exchange scheme that is addressable (PKA)”; 2017 IEEE Conference on Communications and Network Security;
B. Cambou; “Chapter 10: Enhancing secure elements – Technology and Architecture”; book“; Foundation of Hardware IP protection”, editors Bossuet/Torres of Springer, 2017;
P. Flikkema and B. Cambou; “Adapting Processor Architectures for the Periphery of the IoT Nervous System”; IEEE 3rd World Forum on Internet of Things (WF-IoT), December, 2016;
B. Cambou, M. Orlowski; “Physical Unclonable Functions designed with ternary states”; 2016 ACM. ISBN 978-1-4503-3752-6/16/04;
B. Cambou, F. Afghah; “Physically Unclonable Functions with multi-states and Machine Learning”; CryptoArchi2016; June 2016;
B. Cambou, J. Gibbs; “Firewall with Nano-Helix PUFs for fiber-optic communication”; CryptArchi 2016; June 2016;
B.Cambou, P. Flikkema, and C. Ciocanel; ”Integrated Technology and Policy Enabling Large-Scale Deployment of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs): Trustworthiness and Threat Mitigation”; IEEE workshop on IoT security, February 2016;

List of granted patents

2023

B. Cambou, R. Chipana, B. Habib; PUF with dissolvable conduct paths; US patent 11,552,810; Jan 2023.

2022

B. Cambou, D. Telesca, B. Villa; Artificial neuron synaptic weights implemented with variable, dissolvable conductive paths; 16/297,441, Notice of allowance, Dec 2022.
I. Montano, R. Behunin, B. Cambou; Secure Multi-State Quantum Key Distribution with Wave-Division Multiplexing; Notice of allowance 16/951,760, Nov 2022.
B. Cambou; Encryption schemes with addressable elements; US patent 11,533,300, Dec 2022.
B. Cambou; Multiple-PUF authentication from sensors and their calibration; part 2; US patent 11,533,188, Dec 2022
B. Cambou; PUF based encryption scheme with combination of hashing methods; US patent 11,496,326, Nov. 2022.
B. Cambou, D. Booher, and C. Philabaum; Response-Based Cryptography with Physical Unclonable Functions; US patent 11,470,039; Oct. 2022.
A. Razi, B. Cambou; “Securing Distributed Elements Connected to a Network with Addressable PUFs”; US patent 11,388,013; Jul 2022.
D. Hely, P. Flikkema, B. Cambou; PUF-based data integrity; 17/018,493 Notice of allowance, Jul 2022.
P. Flikkema, B. Cambou; “Multi-Functional Units for Ternary Computation“; 16/492,562; Notice of allowance, Jul 2022.
D. Hely, and B. Cambou; “Secure Enrollment for PUFs”; US patent 11,343,109, May 2022.
D. Booher, B. Cambou; “Generation of composite private keys”; US patent 11,343,108, May 2022.
B. Cambou, R. Chipana, B. Habib; “Securing Physically Unclonable Functions with additional random ternary states ”; Notice of allowance, 16/492,910; Mar 2022;
B. Cambou; “Unequally Powered Cryptography Using Physical Unclonable Functions”; US patent 11,303,462; Apr. 2022;
B. Cambou; “Design of PUFS from Sensors and Their Calibration”; US patent, 11,303,460, Apr. 2022;
B. Cambou; “Native Ternary Random Numbers Generation”; US patent 11,294,639, Apr. 2022;
B.Cambou; “Physical Unclonable Function-Based Encryption Schemes with Combination of Hashing Methods”; US patent , 11,283,633, March 2022;
D. Telesca, B.Cambou, P.Flikkema; “Dynamic Hybridized Positional Notation Instruction Set Computer Architecture to Enhance Security“; Part B; US patent 11,275,711, march 2022;
B. Cambou; “Digital Signature for Blockchains with Ternary Physically Unclonable Functions”; US patent 11,271,759; March 2022;
B. Cambou, C. Philabaum, D. Telesca; “Key exchange schemes with addressable elements”; US patent, 11,265,151; March 2022;
B. Cambou; “Keyless Encryption Schemes with Addressable Physically Unclonable Elements”; US patent 11,233,662, Jan 2022;

2021

B. Cambou ; “Communication over quantum channels with enhanced performance and security“, Granted USPTO patent number 10,992,463, April 27, 2021
B. Cambou, “Generation of Keys of Variable Length from Cryptographic Tables“, US patent 10,979,221, Apr. 2021.
M. Mohammad, B. Cambou; C. Philabaum, N. Duan, “Resilient Password Management System Using an Array of Addressable Physical Unclonable Functions“; IEEE Xplore, open access, Jan. 2021;
B. Cambou; Quantum Ternary key distribution; US patent 11,101,988, Aug 2021.
B. Cambou; Password management with Addressable PUF generators; US Patent 11,010,465, May 2021.

2020

B. Cambou, J Gibbs; Nanomaterial Physically Unclonable Function Systems and Related Methods; US patent 10,790,994, Sep 2020;
D. Telesca, B.Cambou, P. Flikkema; Dynamic Hybridized Positional Notation Instruction Set Computer Architecture to enhance security; US patent 10,747,711, Aug 2020;
B. Cambou, Fatemeh Afghah; Multi-state unclonable functions and related systems – Part II; US patent 10,644,892; May 2020;
B. Cambou, Fatemeh Afghah; Multi-state unclonable functions and related systems – Part I; US patent 10,574,467; May 2020;
D. Telesca, B. Cambou, P. Flikkema; Dynamic Hybridized Positional Notation Instruction Set Computer Architecture to enhance security; Notice of allowance by USPTO on Feb 2020;

2019

B. Cambou, A.Razi; “ Authentication of images extracted from unclonable objects”; US patent 10,503,890, Dec 2019;
B. Cambou; PUF Hardware Arrangement for Increased Throughput – Part III; US patent 10,491,408; Nov 2019;
B. Cambou; PUF Hardware Arrangement for Increased Throughput – Part II; US patent 10,484,188; Nov 2019;
F. Afghah, B. Cambou; “Authentication based on a challenge and a response, a PUF and machine learning ”; US patent: 10,469,273; Nov 2019;
B. Cambou; “System implementing Hierarchical Level of Security”; US patent: 10,454,691; Oct 2019;
B. Cambou; “ Encoding Ternary Data for PUF Environment”- Part II ; US patent 10,432,410; Oct 2019;
B. Cambou; Encoding Ternary Data for PUF Environment; Part III; US patent 10,439,828; Oct 2019.
B. Cambou; “Data Compiler for True Random Number Generation and Related Methods”- Part II; US patents: 10,402,171; Oct 2019;
B. Cambou; “PUF based password generation scheme ”; Disclosure: 10,320,573; Sep 2016; June 2019;
B. Cambou; “PUF Hardware Arrangement for Increased Throughput”; assignee: Arizona Board of Regent; US patent: 10,185,820; Jan 2019;
B. Cambou; “Data Compiler for True Random Number Generation and Related Methods”; assignee: Arizona Board of Regents, US patent: 10,175,949 B2; Jan 2019;
B. Cambou; Memory circuit using resistive random-access memory arrays in a secure element; part II; EP 3304561 B1, Mar 2019.

2018

B. Cambou; “Encoding Ternary Data for PUF Environment”; assignee: Arizona Board of Regents; US patent 10,050,796; Aug 2018;
B. Cambou; “Physically Unclonable Function generating systems and related methods”; assignee: Arizona Board of Regents; US patent 9,985791; May 2018;
B. Cambou; “Random numbers generating system and related methods”; assignee: Arizona Board of Regents; US patent 9,971,566; May 2018;

2016

Cambou; “PUFs from sensors and their calibration”; Disclosure: 2018/0,006,830; May 2016;

List of pending patents and disclosures

J. Hoffstein, B. Cambou; One-way function with polynomial computation; NAU 2023-021.
B. Cambou, M. L. Garrett, D. Telesca, H.S, Jacinto; Pseudo-homomorphic authentication of users with biometry; NAU 2023-015, Nov 2022.
B. Cambou, J. Heynssens, D. Telesca, H.S. Jacinto; Enhancing system resilience with differential sensor-based PUFs; NAU D2022-037, Apr 2022.
B. Cambou, D Liu, I Burke, T Begay-Wilson; Program-Read-Erase schemes to protect files with pre-formed ReRAMs; NAU D2022-030, Feb 2022.
S. Assiri, B. Cambou; Encrypt Password Manager Database and Generate Temporary Code Based on ReRAM PUF; NAU case D2022-23, Dec 2021.
J. Heynssens, B. Cambou; Multi-Wavelength Quantum Key Distribution for Enhanced Security Against a Photon Number Splitting Attack and Higher Data Rates; NAU D2022-019, Oct. 2021.
B. Cambou, H.S. Jacinto, D. Telesca; Individual Digital Access with Ternary States and One-Way Unclonable Functions to Protect Digital Files; NAU D2022-017, Oct 2021.
B. Cambou, H.S. Jacinto, D. Telesca; Digital Media Copy Protection Using Search Engines to Generate Cryptographic Keys from Erratic PUFs; NAU D2022-012, Oct 2021.
B. Cambou, J. Heynssens, I. Burke, B. Riggs, J. Garrard, M. Aguilar Rios, D. Telesca, H. S. Jacinto; Associative PUF arrays to generate session keys with pseudo-homomorphic methods; NAU D2022-005, Sep. 2021.
M. Gowanlock, B. Cambou, K. Lee, C. Philabaum; Salted Hashing Protocol for Response-Based Cryptography; NAU D2021-050, June 2021.
B. Cambou, D. Telesca, H.S. Jacinto; PUF-protected pseudo-homomorphic methods to generate session keys; NAU D2021-048, June 2021.
B. Cambou, C. Philabaum, S. Assiri; Search Engine to Generate Cryptographic Keys from Erratic Physical Unclonable Functions; NAU D2021-046, May 2021.
A. Razi, F. Afghah, B. Cambou; Hardware-Driven Security Solutions for Infrastructure-Free UAV networks; NAU D2021-044, April 2021.
B. Cambou, M. Garrett, S. Assiri, S. Jain, M. Partridge ; “TRNGs designed with preformed ReRAMs; NAU case D2021-027; Nov 2020
B.Cambou, M. Gowanlock, B. Yildiz, D. Ghanaimiandoab, K. Lee, C. Philabaum, A. Stenberg, S. Nelson, J. Wright; PUF-based Key Generation for Lattice and Code Cryptography, NAU case D2021-022; Oct 2020;
F. Ashwija, S. Assiri, F. Afghah, B. Cambou; Keyless Encapsulation and Error Correcting Schemes; NAU case D2021-006; Aug 2020
B.Cambou, J. Heynssens, T. Begay, I. Burke; Sensing Scheme for Low power ReRAM-based PUF; NAU case D2021-002; Jul 2020
B. Cambou; Methods for Fast Cryptographic Key Generation from Memristor-based Physically Unclonable Computed Functions; NAU case D2020-32; Apr 2020;
B. Cambou; Cell-Pairing for Cryptographic Keys Generation From Memristors at Low Power; NAU case D2020-034; April 2020
S. Assiri, and B.Cambou; “Homomorphic Password Manager using Multi-Hash with PUFs”; NAU case D2019-045, May 2019
P. Flikkema, and B. Cambou; “Computer Processor for Active Cyberattack defense”; NAU case D2019-028, Feb. 2019;
B.Cambou; “PUF based key generation for cryptographic schemes with multiple hashing of private keys”; NAU case D2019-0016, Nov 2018;
B. Cambou; “Strengthening quantum key distribution with addressable PUFs and ternary states”; NAU case: D2018-033; Mar 2018;
B. Cambou; “Quantum key distribution”; NAU case: D2018-010; Nov 2017;
B. Cambou; “Generation of Keys with variable length”; NAU case: D2018-004; Sept 2017;
B. Cambou, R. Chipana, B. Habib; “PUF with dissolvable conductive paths”; NAU case: D2017-033; Apr 2017;
B. Cambou; “Native ternary random numbers generator”; NAU case: D2017-032; Apr 2017;
B. Cambou, P. Flikkema; “Multi-Functional Units for Ternary Computing“; NAU case: D2017-022; Feb 2017;