{"id":304,"date":"2023-04-24T22:23:41","date_gmt":"2023-04-24T22:23:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nau.edu\/research\/?page_id=304"},"modified":"2024-12-12T17:33:56","modified_gmt":"2024-12-12T17:33:56","slug":"attenuate-bacterial-pathogens","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/in.nau.edu\/research\/innovations\/available-technologies\/biomedical\/attenuate-bacterial-pathogens\/","title":{"rendered":"Universal Method to Attenuate Bacterial Pathogens for the Development of Live Vaccines Against Human and Animal Diseases"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"nau-block nau-block-left-nav-top-bound\">\n    \t<button id=\"left-nav-toggle-btn\" onclick=\"toggleNav();\">\n\t\tON THIS PAGE \n\t\t<i id=\"chevron-icon\" class=\"fas fa-solid fa-chevron-down\"><\/i>\n\t<\/button>\n\t<div id=\"left-nav-menu-track\">\n\t\t<div id=\"left-nav-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"rfi-above-anchor-tags\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ri-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/nau.edu\/admissions\/request-information\/\" id=\"request-info\" class=\"btn bg-true-blue left-nav-menu-bottom-button display-mobile\">Request info&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/a>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div id=\"left-nav-menu\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"menu-section backcolor\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tHOW CAN WE HELP?\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"responsive-icons\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li><a href=\"tel:928-523-4620\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/in.nau.edu\/wp-content\/themes\/nau-marketing-2021\/img\/icon-phone.svg\" alt=\"Telephone:\"> 928-523-4620<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li><a href=\"mailto:nauinnovations@nau.edu\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/in.nau.edu\/wp-content\/themes\/nau-marketing-2021\/img\/icon-email.svg\" alt=\"Email:\"><span class=\"left-nav-email\"> nauinnovations&#8203;@nau.edu <\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<section class=\"nau-block left-nav-section\"><header class=\"entry-header\"><div class=\"breadcrumb\"><ol class=\"breadcrumbs\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/in.nau.edu\">IN<\/a><span class=\"breadcrumb-chevron\" aria-hidden=\"true\">&gt;<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/in.nau.edu\/research\">Research<\/a><span class=\"breadcrumb-chevron\" aria-hidden=\"true\">&gt;<\/span><\/li><li class=\"current\">Pages<\/li><\/ol><\/div><h1 class=\"entry-title text-left \">Universal Method to Attenuate Bacterial Pathogens for the Development of Live Vaccines Against Human and Animal Diseases<\/h1><hr class=\"h1-hr  text-left \" role=\"none\"><\/header><!-- .entry-header --><\/section><!-- <section class=\"nau-block left-nav-section grid-md-12\">\n    <header class=\"entry-header\">\n        <h1 class=\"entry-title text-left \" tabindex=\"0\" id=\"h1-first\">Dummy H1<\/h1>\n        <hr class=\"h1-hr  text-left \" role=\"none\">\n    <\/header>\n<\/section> -->\n\n<section class=\"nau-block left-nav-section grid-md-12\">\n    <div class=\"page-content\">\n        \n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Description<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Attenuated pathogens have a long history of use for vaccination against disease. The mechanisms of attenuation are diverse but frequently involve the mutation of key virulence genes. This technology provides a universal approach to attenuate bacterial pathogens by moving the DNA replication termination site (Ter) from the replication origin (Ori), which are bidirectionally equidistant. In turn, the bacteria\u2019s replication process becomes asymmetrical, the replication fork moves a greater distance, and the cellular growth rate decreases. As a result, the bacteria\u2019s virulence decreases. There are two methods to create asymmetry: the Cre-Lox system and CRISPER-Cas9 genetic engineering system.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Additional information<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<section  \n    class=\"nau-block nau-block-panels   \" \n    data-layout_mobile=\"groupLayout-Stack gutter_Default panelLayoutPhotoTextVertical  photoAspect-1-1\"\n        data-layout_tablet=\"groupLayout-Stack gutter_Default panelLayoutPhotoTextVertical  photoAspect-1-1\"\n        data-layout_desktop=\"groupLayout-Tabs gutter_Default panelLayoutPhotoTextVertical  photoAspect-1-1\"\n        data-layout_xl=\"groupLayout-Tabs gutter_Default panelLayoutPhotoTextVertical  photoAspect-1-1\">\n\n    <div class=\"background-wrapper\">\n        <div class=\"block-main-content\">\n            \n            \n                            <div class=\"tab-nav\" role=\"tablist\" aria-label=\"Tabs for  articles\">\n                                                \n                        <button data-panel=\"panel--0\"\n                            role=\"tab\"\n                            aria-controls=\"panel--0\"\n                            class=\"active bg-true-blue bg-none\"\n                            tabindex=\"0\">Patent number and inventor<\/button>\n                                                \n                        <button data-panel=\"panel--1\"\n                            role=\"tab\"\n                            aria-controls=\"panel--1\"\n                            class=\"after-active bg-true-blue bg-none\"\n                            tabindex=\"-1\">Potential applications<\/button>\n                                                \n                        <button data-panel=\"panel--2\"\n                            role=\"tab\"\n                            aria-controls=\"panel--2\"\n                            class=\" bg-true-blue bg-none\"\n                            tabindex=\"-1\">Benefits and advantages<\/button>\n                                                \n                        <button data-panel=\"panel--3\"\n                            role=\"tab\"\n                            aria-controls=\"panel--3\"\n                            class=\" bg-true-blue bg-none\"\n                            tabindex=\"-1\">Case number and licensing status<\/button>\n                                    <\/div>\n            \n            \n            \n            <div class=\"panel-wrapper\">\n                \n                                \n                        <div class=\"panel bg-true-blue  panelTypeText  noHover \"\n                            data-role=\"tabpanel\"\n                            data-panel=\"panel--0\"\n                            id=\"panel--0\">\n\n                            \n                                                                    <div class=\"content\">\n                                            <div class=\"text-wrapper\">\n                                                                                                <h3 class=\"h3-tab-index\">Patent number and inventor<\/h3>\n                                                \n                                                                                                    <div class=\"text\">\n                                                        <p>16\/246,330<\/p>\n<p>Paul Keim and Richard T. Okinaka.<\/p>\n                                                    <\/div>\n                                                \n                                                                                            <\/div>\n                                        <\/div>\n\n                                    \n                                \n                                                        <\/div>\n                    \n                        <div class=\"panel bg-true-blue  panelTypeText  noHover \"\n                            data-role=\"tabpanel\"\n                            data-panel=\"panel--1\"\n                            id=\"panel--1\">\n\n                            \n                                                                    <div class=\"content\">\n                                            <div class=\"text-wrapper\">\n                                                                                                <h3 class=\"h3-tab-index\">Potential applications<\/h3>\n                                                \n                                                                                                    <div class=\"text\">\n                                                        <p>Clinical applications to create vaccines.<\/p>\n                                                    <\/div>\n                                                \n                                                                                            <\/div>\n                                        <\/div>\n\n                                    \n                                \n                                                        <\/div>\n                    \n                        <div class=\"panel bg-true-blue  panelTypeText  noHover \"\n                            data-role=\"tabpanel\"\n                            data-panel=\"panel--2\"\n                            id=\"panel--2\">\n\n                            \n                                                                    <div class=\"content\">\n                                            <div class=\"text-wrapper\">\n                                                                                                <h3 class=\"h3-tab-index\">Benefits and advantages<\/h3>\n                                                \n                                                                                                    <div class=\"text\">\n                                                        <p>The amplicon sequencing assay is highly adaptable to new content and flexible enough to detect new biothreat agents and signatures. In addition, it can be used to screen environmental samples for the presence of target agent DNA, as well as for soldier and civilian patients in the event of suspected exposure. Due to its high sensitivity and specificity, the assay can detect the difference between target and neighboring strains. Finally, the amplicon sequencing assay is a cost-effective alternative to individual PCR methods.<\/p>\n                                                    <\/div>\n                                                \n                                                                                            <\/div>\n                                        <\/div>\n\n                                    \n                                \n                                                        <\/div>\n                    \n                        <div class=\"panel bg-true-blue  panelTypeText  noHover \"\n                            data-role=\"tabpanel\"\n                            data-panel=\"panel--3\"\n                            id=\"panel--3\">\n\n                            \n                                                                    <div class=\"content\">\n                                            <div class=\"text-wrapper\">\n                                                                                                <h3 class=\"h3-tab-index\">Case number and licensing status<\/h3>\n                                                \n                                                                                                    <div class=\"text\">\n                                                        <p>2017-034<\/p>\n<p>This invention is available for licensing.<\/p>\n                                                    <\/div>\n                                                \n                                                                                            <\/div>\n                                        <\/div>\n\n                                    \n                                \n                                                        <\/div>\n                                                <\/div>\n\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n    <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n<div class=\"nau-block nau-block-left-nav-bottom-bound\">\n\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":276,"featured_media":1037,"parent":65,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_hide_content":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":"","ring_central_script_selection":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-304","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/in.nau.edu\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/304","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/in.nau.edu\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/in.nau.edu\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/in.nau.edu\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/276"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/in.nau.edu\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=304"}],"version-history":[{"count":14,"href":"https:\/\/in.nau.edu\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/304\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6107,"href":"https:\/\/in.nau.edu\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/304\/revisions\/6107"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/in.nau.edu\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/65"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/in.nau.edu\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1037"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/in.nau.edu\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=304"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}