{"id":2890,"date":"2019-11-20T19:08:28","date_gmt":"2019-11-20T19:08:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/in.nau.edu\/police-department\/?page_id=2890"},"modified":"2025-01-15T15:31:29","modified_gmt":"2025-01-15T15:31:29","slug":"crime-definitions","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/in.nau.edu\/police-department\/crime-definitions\/","title":{"rendered":"Crime Definitions"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1>Crime Definitions<\/h1>\n<p>Northern Arizona University classifies and counts reported incidents based on the definitions specified by the Clery Act. The following definitions are used in the University\u2019s statistical reporting.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Criminal Offenses<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Murder and Non-negligent Manslaughter <\/strong>\u2013 the willful (non-negligent) killing of one human being by another.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Manslaughter by Negligence <\/strong>\u2013 the killing of another person through gross negligence.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Sexual Assault <\/strong>\u2013 Any sexual act directed against another person, without consent of the victim, including instances where the victim is incapable of giving consent.\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Rape <\/strong>\u2013 the penetration, no matter how slight, of the vagina or anus, with any body part or object, or oral penetration by a sex organ of another person, without the consent of the victim. This offense includes the rape of both males and females.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Fondling <\/strong>\u2013 the touching of the private body parts of another person for the purpose of sexual gratification, without the consent of the victim, including instances where the victim is incapable of giving consent because of his\/her age or because of his\/her temporary or permanent mental incapacity.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Incest <\/strong>\u2013 sexual intercourse between persons who are related to each other within the degrees wherein marriage is prohibited by law.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Statutory Rape <\/strong>\u2013 sexual intercourse with a person who is under the statutory age of consent.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Robbery <\/strong>\u2013 the taking or attempting to take anything of value from the care, custody, or control of a person or persons by force or threat of force or violence and\/or by putting the victim in fear.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Aggravated Assault <\/strong>\u2013 an unlawful attack by one person upon another for the purpose of inflicting severe or aggravated bodily injury. This type of assault usually is accompanied by the use of a weapon or by means likely to produce death or great bodily harm.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Burglary <\/strong>\u2013 the unlawful entry of a structure to commit a felony or a theft.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Motor Vehicle Theft<\/strong> \u2013 the theft or attempted theft of a motor vehicle.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Arson <\/strong>\u2013 any willful or malicious burning or attempt to burn, with or without intent to defraud, a dwelling house, public building, motor vehicle or aircraft, personal property of another, etc.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Hate Crimes<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Hate Crime<\/strong> \u2013 a criminal offense that manifests evidence that the victim was intentionally selected because of the perpetrator\u2019s bias against the victim. In addition to those offenses, Larceny-Theft, Simple Assault, Intimidation, and Destruction\/Damage\/Vandalism of Property are included in Clery Act statistics only if they are Hate Crimes.\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Larceny-Theft <\/strong>\u2013 the unlawful taking, carrying, leading or riding away of property from the possession or constructive possession of another.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Simple Assault <\/strong>\u2013 an unlawful physical attack by one person upon another where neither the offender displays a weapon, nor the victim suffers obvious severe or aggravated bodily injury involving apparent broken bones, loss of teeth, possible internal injury, severe laceration, or loss of consciousness.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Intimidation <\/strong>\u2013 to unlawfully place another person in reasonable fear of bodily harm through the use of threatening words and\/or other conduct, but without displaying a weapon or subjecting the victim to actual physical attack.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Destruction\/Damage\/Vandalism of Property <\/strong>\u2013 to willfully or maliciously destroy, damage, deface, or otherwise injure real or personal property without the consent of the owner or the person having custody or control of it.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Possible bias categories under the Clery Act<\/strong> <strong>\u2013 <\/strong>Race, Religion, Sexual Orientation, Gender, Gender Identity, Ethnicity, National Origin, and Disability.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>VAWA Offenses<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Dating Violence <\/strong>\u2013 violence committed by a person who is or has been in a social relationship of a romantic or intimate nature with the victim. The existence of such a relationship shall be determined based on the reporting party\u2019s statement and with consideration of the length of the relationship, the type of relationship, and the frequency of interaction between the persons involved in the relationship.\n<ul>\n<li>Dating violence includes, but is not limited to, sexual or physical abuse or the threat of such abuse.<\/li>\n<li>Dating violence does not include acts covered under the definition of domestic violence.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Domestic Violence <\/strong>\u2013 a felony or misdemeanor crime of violence committed \u2013\n<ul>\n<li>By a current or former spouse or intimate partner of the victim;<\/li>\n<li>By a person with whom the victim shares a child in common;<\/li>\n<li>By a person who is cohabitating with, or has cohabitated with, the victim as a spouse or intimate partner;<\/li>\n<li>By a person similarly situated to a spouse of the victim under the domestic or family violence laws of the jurisdiction in which the crime of violence occurred;<\/li>\n<li>By any other person against an adult or youth victim who is protected from that person\u2019s acts under the domestic or family violence laws of the jurisdiction in which the crime of violence occurred.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Stalking <\/strong>\u2013 engaging in a course of conduct directed at a specific person that would cause a reasonable person to \u2013\n<ul>\n<li>Fear for the person\u2019s safety or the safety of others; or<\/li>\n<li>Suffer substantial emotional distress.\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Course of conduct <\/strong>\u2013 two or more acts, including, but not limited to, acts in which the stalker directly, indirectly, or through third parties, by any action, method, device, or means, follows, monitors, observes, surveils, threatens, or communicates to or about a person, or interferes with a person\u2019s property.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Reasonable person <\/strong>\u2013 a reasonable person under similar circumstances and with similar identities to the victim.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Substantial emotional distress <\/strong>\u2013 significant mental suffering or anguish that may, but does not necessarily require medical or other professional treatment or counseling.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Arrests and Disciplinary Referrals for Violation of Weapons, Drug Abuse and Liquor Laws<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Arrest<\/strong> \u2013 persons processed by arrest, citation or summons.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Referred for disciplinary action <\/strong>\u2013 the referral of any person to any official who initiates a disciplinary action of which a record is established and which may result in the imposition of a sanction.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Weapons: Carrying, Possessing, Etc. <\/strong>\u2013 the violation of laws or ordinances prohibiting the manufacture, sale, purchase, transportation, possession, concealment, or use of firearms, cutting instruments, explosives, incendiary devices or other deadly weapons. This classification encompasses weapons offenses that are regulatory in nature.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Drug Abuse Violations <\/strong>\u2013 the violation of laws prohibiting the production, distribution and\/or use of certain controlled substances and the equipment or devices utilized in their preparation and\/or use. The unlawful cultivation, manufacture, distribution, sale, purchase, use, possession, transportation or importation of any controlled drug or narcotic substance. Arrests for violations of state and local laws, specifically those relating to the unlawful possession, sale, use, growing, manufacturing and making of narcotic drugs.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Liquor Law Violations <\/strong>\u2013 the violation of state or local laws or ordinances prohibiting the manufacture, sale, purchase, transportation, possession or use of alcoholic beverages, not including driving under the influence and drunkenness.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>The Stop Campus Hazing Act Introduces New Reporting Requirements for Hazing<\/h3>\n<p>The\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/118th-congress\/house-bill\/5646\/text\"><em>Stop Campus Hazing Act<\/em><\/a>\u00a0amends the Clery Act to include hazing among the list of crimes required to be disclosed in the university&#8217;s Annual Security Report.<\/p>\n<p>Per the legislation,\u00a0<strong>hazing<\/strong>\u00a0is defined as, &#8220;Any intentional, knowing, or reckless act committed by a person (whether individually or in concert with other persons) against another person or persons regardless of the willingness of such other person or persons to participate that:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Is committed in the course of an initiation into, an affiliation with, or the maintenance of membership in, a student organization; and<\/li>\n<li>Causes or creates a risk, above the reasonable risk encountered in the course of participation in the institution of higher education or the organization (such as the physical preparation necessary for participation in an athletic team), of physical or psychological injury including-\n<ul>\n<li>Whipping, beating, striking, electronic shocking, placing of a harmful substance on someone&#8217;s body or similar activity;<\/li>\n<li>Causing, coercing, or otherwise inducing sleep deprivation, exposure to the elements, confinement in a small space, extreme calisthenics, or other similar activity;<\/li>\n<li>Causing, coercing, or otherwise inducing another person to consume food, liquid, alcohol, drugs, or other substances;<\/li>\n<li>Causing, coercing, or otherwise inducing another person to perform sexual acts;<\/li>\n<li>Any activity that places another person in reasonable fear of bodily harm through the use of threatening words or conduct;<\/li>\n<li>Any activity against another person that includes a criminal violation of local, State, Tribal, or Federal law; and<\/li>\n<li>Any activity that induces, causes, or requires another person to perform a duty or task that involves a criminal violation of local, State, Tribal, or Federal law.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>A\u00a0<strong>student organization<\/strong>\u00a0is defined as, &#8220;An organization at an institution of higher education (such as a club, society, association, varsity or junior varsity athletic team, club sports team, fraternity, sorority, band, or student government) in which two or more of the members are students enrolled at the institution of higher education, whether or not the organization is established or recognized by the institution.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>The Campus Security Authority (CSA) Reporting Form has been updated to add hazing to the list of reportable offenses.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Crime Definitions Northern Arizona University classifies and counts reported incidents based on the definitions specified by the Clery Act. The following definitions are used in the University\u2019s statistical reporting. Criminal Offenses Murder and Non-negligent Manslaughter \u2013 the willful (non-negligent) killing of one human being by another. Manslaughter by Negligence \u2013 the killing of another person [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":274,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_hide_content":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":"","ring_central_script_selection":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2890","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/in.nau.edu\/police-department\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2890","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/in.nau.edu\/police-department\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/in.nau.edu\/police-department\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/in.nau.edu\/police-department\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/274"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/in.nau.edu\/police-department\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2890"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/in.nau.edu\/police-department\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2890\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10751,"href":"https:\/\/in.nau.edu\/police-department\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2890\/revisions\/10751"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/in.nau.edu\/police-department\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2890"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}